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Parkinson’s disease, a common neurodegenerative condition with a global impact, is usually managed with drug therapies aimed at relieving symptoms.
However, emerging research by neuroscientists from the Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome Campus, and the A. Gemelli IRCCS Polyclinic Foundation presents an intriguing possibility: intense exercise as a potential non-drug approach to slowing disease progression.
understand the mechanism
The study by Professor Paolo Calabresi and his research team, in their publication in the prestigious journal Science Advances, found a leading mechanism.
Intense exercise, when performed during the early stages of Parkinson’s disease, starts a cascade of lasting positive effects on movement control. The main finding of the study is that intense exercise stimulates the production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).
This is a critical growth factor known to be associated with brain plasticity and neuronal survival.
The positive effects of exercise
Researchers conducted a four-week treadmill training program using an animal model of early-stage Parkinson’s disease to investigate the effect of exercise on the brain.
Their findings shed light on the important role that BDNF plays in mediating the positive effects of exercise. Notably, they observed a decrease in the prevalence of pathological alpha-synuclein aggregates, which are implicated in neuronal dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease.
The neuroprotective effects of physical activity have been found to be associated with the preservation of dopamine-releasing neurons and the restoration of dopamine-dependent plasticity in the striatum, an important brain region involved in movement control.
These findings provide valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms through which exercise exerts its benefits in Parkinson’s disease.
Exercises for Parkinson’s disease
While more research is necessary to apply these findings clinically, incorporating specific exercises into a patient’s routine may have benefits. Here are some exercises that show promise in the management of Parkinson’s disease:
Aerobic exercisesEngaging in activities such as brisk walking, cycling, swimming, or dancing can improve cardiovascular fitness, enhance overall mobility, and boost mood.
strength trainingIncorporating resistance exercises using weights, resistance bands, or your own body weight can help maintain muscle tone and improve balance and stability.
Flexibility and stretchGentle stretching exercises can increase flexibility, reduce muscle stiffness, and improve range of motion.
Balance and coordination exercisesActivities such as tai chi, yoga, or balance exercises can promote balance, stability, and coordination.
Dual task trainingPerforming cognitive tasks simultaneously with motor activities, such as walking while counting or performing simple mental calculations, may improve multitasking abilities.
Research from the Catholic University, Rome Campus, and the A. Gemelli IRCCS Polyclinic Foundation paves the way for non-drug treatments for Parkinson’s disease.
Identification of a new mechanism and understanding of the positive effects of exercise on brain plasticity can lead to discovery of therapeutic targets and functional markers for future interventions. Ongoing clinical trials are investigating the possibility of intense exercise to monitor disease progression and slow its progression in early-stage patients.
While Parkinson’s disease presents significant challenges, the discovery of positive effects of intense exercise offers hope for improved management and potential disease modification.
Incorporating exercise into treatment plans may help maintain motor control, enhance cognitive function, and improve the general quality of life for individuals with Parkinson’s disease.
While exercise alone may not replace pharmacological treatments, it can complement existing therapies and open doors to new, non-pharmacological approaches to Parkinson’s disease care.
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