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In a groundbreaking observational study conducted in Spain, researchers shed light on the fascinating world of “SuperAgers”. These exceptional individuals in their 80s possess cognitive abilities comparable to those of individuals three decades younger. The study, which is the largest of its kind, reveals key lifestyle differences that may contribute to the observed mental acuity of these older adults.
The term “SuperAger” was coined by the Northwestern SuperAging Program, and it refers to individuals over the age of 80 who undergo extensive cognitive testing. To qualify for a SuperAger, a person’s memory must be as good as or even better than that of cognitively normal individuals in their 50s and 60s. Surprisingly, only about 10% of applicants meet this criterion.
The exceptional qualities of SuperAgers
SuperAgers share many common traits that contribute to their exceptional cognitive abilities. First and foremost, the cortex—areas of the brain responsible for memory, decision-making, and thinking—are inclined to be thicker compared to individuals in their 50s and 60s. Their scales also shrink at a slower rate, defying the typical aging process.
In addition to their neurobiological advantages, they exhibit certain behavioral patterns. They maintain a positive outlook on life, regularly challenge their brains with learning and reading, and often continue to function well into their eighties. They also tend to be socially active, surrounded by a network of family and friends, and engage in volunteering within their communities. Notably, they also prioritize physical activity and lead an active lifestyle.
The Spanish Study on SuperAgers
Spanish study published in Healthy Longevity Lancet magazine, follows a group of 64 SuperAgers and 55 cognitively normal seniors as part of the Vallecas Project, a long-term research project on Alzheimer’s disease in Madrid. Over the course of four years, the participants underwent brain scans, blood tests, and several cognitive and lifestyle assessments.
Main findings
The study revealed interesting results that set SuperAgers apart from their counterparts. They showed greater gray matter volume in brain regions associated with cognitive functions, spatial memory, and general memory. Particularly notable are the changes observed in gray matter volume in areas associated with motor activity, movement, and memory.
Furthermore, the study found that SuperAgers scored lower than normal seniors on measures of depression and anxiety. Mental health issues, such as depression, are known risk factors for cognitive decline and dementia. They also reported higher levels of physical activity in midlife, stressed the importance of good sleep, and showed independence in their daily lives. Notably, lack of sleep is a significant risk factor for cognitive decline.
Explore protective factors
The genetic predisposition of superhumans to maintain sharp minds into old age is an interesting topic. Autopsies of donated SuperAger brains revealed larger, healthier cells in the inner spinal cortex – a brain region affected early on by Alzheimer’s disease. SuperAger brains also contain a higher number of von Economo neurons, a rare type of brain cell thought to facilitate rapid communication across the brain.
The results of the study offer hope and valuable insights to individuals in their 30s and 40s who want to improve their brain health in the long term. By adopting a lifestyle that includes regular exercise, stress reduction, and other healthy habits, individuals can improve their cognitive abilities as they age. The study findings emphasize the importance of maintaining physical fitness, reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease, prioritizing mental health, and seeking appropriate care for mood disorders.
SuperAgers challenges the traditional concept of cognitive decline in aging. Their exceptional cognitive abilities and thick cortex contribute to their remarkable mental acuity. By understanding the lifestyle factors that set them apart, researchers can discover protective mechanisms against age-related cognitive decline and brain changes. This knowledge opens the doors to improving the brain health of individuals of all ages and reducing the risk of developing dementia later in life.
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