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World Brain Day, a celebration dedicated to raising awareness of neurological disorders and promoting brain health, is celebrated every year on July 21. brain– related conditions, and to promote a healthier and more supportive world for individuals affected by neurological issues.
The World Federation of Neurology and the World Federation for Neurorehabilitation have announced “Brain Health and Disability” as the theme for the year. “This year’s theme will inspire a global initiative to close gaps in disability education and awareness and break down barriers to healthcare for individuals with disabilities. disabilities. “When it comes to brain health, we must leave no one behind,” said the World Federation of Neurology.
The federation stated that brain disabilities can be prevented and treated. “Universal access to professional care, treatment, rehabilitation and assistive technology is essential – and it starts with education,” the report states.
It becomes necessary to delve into the various and common brain impairments and to think of ways to mitigate their occurrence. Brain disabilities, also known as neurological or neurodevelopmental disorders, include a range of conditions that affect people mentalemotional and behavioral.
Some common brain disabilities are autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, intellectual disability, epilepsy, cerebral palsy, Alzheimer’s disease, stroke and traumatic brain injury. Dr Sameer Arora, Consultant (Neurology) at Narayana Super Specialty Hospital, Gurugram, said ASD is a developmental disorder that affects communication, behavior and social interaction.
Brain disabilities can be prevented, treated and rehabilitated (Source: Getty Images)
Dr. Ravindra Srivastava, director of neurosurgery at Primus Hospital, New Delhi, explained the disturbances.
Autism spectrum disorders: A group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by challenges with social interaction and communication, restricted interests, or repetitive behaviors.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A condition characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness that affects a person’s ability to focus and control behavior.
intellectual disabilities: These include limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviour, leading to difficulties in learning, problem-solving, and independent living.
Epilepsy: A neurological disorder characterized by relapse seizures due to abnormal brain activity.
Cerebral Palsy: A group of movement disorders caused by damage to the developing brain before or during birth, affecting muscle control and coordination.
Alzheimer’s disease and other types of dementia: Progressive cognitive decline and associated memory loss aging.
Apoplexy: Sudden interruption of blood flow to the brain, which leads to damage to the affected area and potentially causes various disabilities.
Brain injuries: Brain damage caused by external forces such as accidents or concussions.
Dr. Arora said in India that the most common brain disabilities are epilepsy, stroke, cerebral palsy, and intellectual disability. The incidence of stroke is increasing in India due to changing lifestyles and ageing. Intellectual disability affects a large number of individuals in India, and is often caused by genetic or environmental factors. India has a large number of people with EpilepsyHe said many organizations are working to raise awareness and improve treatment, adding that the prevalence of cerebral palsy was relatively higher in India compared to many other countries.
The impact of brain impairments can vary based on gender, influenced by various biological and social factors. For example, neurodevelopmental disorders may be more noticeable in children because they affect early development, while neurodegenerative disorders such as dementia are more prevalent among the elderly. Gender differences may influence how certain conditions present, said Dr Amit Shrivastava, director of neurology at Dharamshila Narayana Superspeciality Hospital in Delhi, with some disorders showing a higher incidence in one sex over the other.
Mitigating the risk of brain disabilities at an early age is crucial (Source: Getty Images)
Dr Arora said the impact will depend on the type and severity of the disability.
in childrenBrain disabilities can significantly hinder their development, learning abilities, and socialization skills. Early diagnosis and intervention play a critical role in providing the necessary support for their progression. During adolescence, brain impairments may present challenges in academics, social interactions, and emotional well-being, as this stage of life is essential for identity and peer formation. relations.
in adultsBrain disabilities can have implications for job prospects, relationships, and general independence, which may affect their quality of life.
for the elderlyNeurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease may lead to severe cognitive decline and increased dependence on caregivers, affecting their ability to manage daily activities. Each age group requires tailored curricula and support systems to address the unique challenges presented by brain disabilities at different stages of life.
Experts noted that increased awareness and improved diagnostic methods have led to more accurate identification and reporting of brain disabilities. However, changing lifestyles, increased stress and environmental factors have contributed to the emergence of certain conditions.
“With advances in healthcare, the global population is aging, leading to a rise in age-related brain disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. Exposure to certain pollutants, toxins and infections can increase the risk of brain disabilities. According to the ICMR Burden of Disease Survey, stroke, headache disorders and epilepsy are the major contributors to the burden of neurological disorders in India. Stroke caused 699,000 deaths in India in 2019, accounting for 7.4 per cent of the total deaths in the country.
Thus, mitigating the risk of brain disabilities from an early age is crucial. Dr. Srivastava detailed procedures that can contribute to achieving this goal.
Antenatal care: Ensuring regular prenatal check-ups and maintaining a healthy lifestyle during pregnancy can reduce the risk of certain brain disabilities.
Early childhood interventions: Providing children with early stimulation, education, and support can promote healthy brain development and address potential problems early.
vaccination: Ensure that timely vaccinations can protect against infections that may lead to brain-related complications.
Safety measures: Implementing safety measures, especially during sports and recreational activities, can help prevent traumatic brain injury
Mental health support: Early recognition and intervention for mental health issues can improve overall brain health.
Managing brain disabilities also requires a multidisciplinary approach, involving healthcare professionals, educators, therapists, and family supports. “Treatment and interventions may include therapy (occupational, speech and behavioral), medications, assistive devices, support from caregivers and community resources. A personalized plan of care tailored to the needs of the individual is essential. Furthermore, promoting inclusion and reducing stigma around brain disabilities can create a more supportive environment. Accessible infrastructure and services, along with public awareness campaigns, can improve quality of life for people with brain disabilities,” said Dr. Shrivastava.
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